"Το κεφάλαιον" by Karl Marx is a three-volume theoretical text, with the first volume published in 1867. This foundational work in Marxist philosophy and economics presents a critical analysis of capitalism, arguing that exploitation of labor is the driving force behind the system. Marx examines how workers' unpaid labor generates surplus value and profit, creating contradictions that lead to economic crises and class conflict. Through his dialectical method, he explores commodity production, labor value, and capital accumulation while critiquing classical political economy and revealing capitalism's internal tensions.