"Creative Evolution" by Henri Bergson is a philosophical work published in 1907. The book challenges Darwin's theory of natural selection, proposing instead that evolution is driven by élan vital—a vital creative impulse within life itself. Bergson explores concepts of subjective time and "duration," suggesting these can only be grasped through intuition rather than rational analysis. His ideas profoundly influenced modernist writers and thinkers, making the book enormously popular in the early twentieth century.