"Vida de Jesús" by Ernest Renan is a biographical essay published in 1863. Written during his expedition to Syria and Lebanon, Renan presents Jesus as a morally elevated human figure while rejecting his divinity and any supernatural elements. He applies critical historical analysis to the Gospels, treating them as documents requiring scholarly examination. The work sparked fierce controversy, leading to his dismissal from teaching, papal condemnation, and inclusion in the Index of Forbidden Books.