"North and South" by Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell is a social novel published in 1854–55. When Margaret Hale is forced to leave her peaceful rural home in southern England for the industrial town of Milton, she confronts the harsh realities of the Industrial Revolution. She witnesses bitter clashes between mill owners and workers during the first strikes, and finds herself in conflict with John Thornton, a proud cotton-mill owner who scorns his laborers. The novel explores her evolving understanding of industrial society and her complicated relationship with Thornton.