"Dead Souls" by Nikolai Gogol is a novel first published in 1842. It follows Pavel Ivanovich Chichikov, a mysterious gentleman who arrives in a small Russian town with a peculiar scheme: to purchase "dead souls"—serfs who have died but still exist on paper for tax purposes. As he charms local officials and landowners, his bizarre transactions raise suspicions. Through absurd satire, Gogol exposes the moral rot and social dysfunction of Russia's middle aristocracy, creating unforgettable caricatures of greed, pretension, and vulgarity.